CLASS RESOURCES
WHEELHOUSE OF MILITARY AUGMENTATION
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TYPE: NEUROLOGICAL
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Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI)
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Neurotropic (Smart) Drugs
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DARPA SUBNETS (Systems-Based Neurotechnology for Emerging Therapies): Implants for physio-control
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Northrop Grumman/RDECOM HORNET (Human Optical Recognition Notification of Elusive Threats
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U.S. Air Force Wright Patterson Airforce Base tDCS (Transcranial Direct Stimulation)
TYPE: CYBER/NETWORK
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Cyber attack
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Cyber security
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Networked communication soldiers
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Networked human sensorial systems (HORNET)
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Networked robotic and human systems (Project CODE)
TYPE: PHYSIOMECHANICAL
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Increase strength, mobility, or protection through physical systems
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Invasive anatomical strengthening
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Improve load carrying or anatomical responses
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Reparative (injury, amputation)
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Theraputic (strengthening)
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Enhancement (extra-human strength)
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Remote sensory control of robotic systems
TYPE: GENETIC
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Genetic testing of general genotypes
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Biometric ID of soldiers and combatants
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Genetic "engineering" for specific traits
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Genetic testing of U.S. Military
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Genetic warfare (advance of biological and chemical warfare)
TYPE: ROBOTIC
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Pack Bots (BIG DOG Boston Dynamics)
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Anthropomorphic (ATLAS Boston Dynamics)
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Bomb Bots/All Terrain Bots
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
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UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)
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ULV (Unmanned Land Vehicles)
TYPE: MEDICAL
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Battlefield/Combat Medicine communications
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Self-sufficient robotic medical care
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Medically infused armor (with IV drugs, blood)
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Self-sufficient exoskeleton "doctor" for injuries
TYPE: PHYSIOLOGICAL
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Improve ensorial systems (sight, auditory, tactile)
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Alter metabolic systems (sleep deprivation, function without breathing)
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Improve energy intake (decrease food or metabolic requirements)
TYPE: METAMATERIAL/NANO
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Liquid protective gear and armor
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Invisible metamaterial camoflauge
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Anti-blast and ballistic threats
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Reduce refractive index for camouflage, invisibility
TYPE: PHYSIOLOGICAL
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Improve ensorial systems (sight, auditory, tactile)
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Alter metabolic systems (sleep deprivation, function without breathing)
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Improve energy intake (decrease food or metabolic requirements)
CLASS 3: EMBODIED EXOSKELETONS & PHYSICAL PROSTHETICS
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EXOSKELETON REPORT: http://exoskeletonreport.com
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DARPA LUKE ARM: http://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2016-12-22
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DARPA WARRIOR WEB: http://www.darpa.mil/program/warrior-web
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MEDICAL CENTER ORTHOTICS: https://mcopro.com/prosthetics/technology
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HULC: http://bleex.me.berkeley.edu/research/exoskeleton/hulc/
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TOUCH BIONICS: http://www.touchbionics.com
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EKSO BIONICS: http://eksobionics.com
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TALOS: http://www.techtimes.com/articles/92478/20151007/u-s-military-to-deliver-its-first-bulletproof-weaponized-iron-man-suit-in-2018.htm
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MILITARY REVISION: https://www.revisionmilitary.com
CLASS 4: ROBOTIC, DRONE, AND UNMANNED ARMIES
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LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT (IHL): International Humanitarian Law (ICRC Overview)
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GENEVA CONVENTIONS: Original 1949 Conventions and Protocols
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US DECLARATION OF WAR: Heritage Foundation Summary
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FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION: U.S. Military Drone Basics
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2015 DNI REPORT: Office of the Director of National Intelligence-Report Dec 31, 2015
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2016 OBAMA EXECUTIVE ORDER: Pre-and Post-Strike Measures-Civilian Casualities
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BUREAU INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM: www.thebureauinvestigates.com/projects/drone-war
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LONG WAR JOURNAL (WAR ON TERROR): http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes
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FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS: http://www.fas.org
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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE WHITE PAPER-Lawfulness of Lethal Operations -U.S. Citizens
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STOP KILLER ROBOTS: http://www.stopkillerrobots.org/learn/
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UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL ON LAR: April 2013 UN Human Rights
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UN GENEVA FIFTH REVIEW CONFERENCE-Dec 2016 UN Report on LAWS (Lethal AWS)
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FEDERAL FOREIGN OFFICE: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems Overview
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IEEE: http://www.ieee.org
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IEEE Standards-Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations for Autonomous Systems
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US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ORG CHART: Constitutional Org Chart by Branch
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US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE: Departmental Websites and Military Branches & Offices
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PEACE ACTION NEW YORK: http://www.panys.org
CLASS 5: THE ETHICS OF ENGINEERING, DESIGN & DEPLOYMENT
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4 BASIC PRINCIPLES
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1 . DISTINCTION – “In order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.” [Additional Protocol 1, Article 48] The only legitimate object of attack in an armed conflict is military personnel or property. Civilians may still be *legally harmed or killed under the law, but civilians and civilian property should not be the object or the purpose of the attack.
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2. PROPORTIONALITY – “Loss of life and damage to property incidental to attacks must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained.” [U.S. Army Field Manual FM27-10: Law of Land Warfare]. Note the use of the term "incidental: military targets may still be less than incidental (substantial). In theory, damage to civilians, natural resources, property, and infrastructure cannot be excessive in relation to the military advantage gained. This principle presents an obligation to consider all options when making tactical and strategic decisions.
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3. NECESSITY – “…[E]very injury done to the enemy, even though permitted by the rules, is excusable only so far as it is absolutely necessary; everything beyond that is criminal.” – Napoleon [Gary D. Solis, Law of Armed Conflict p. 258]. The principal of military necessity prohibits wounding or permanently injuring an opponent (except in self-defense), torture to exact confessions, and activities used to inflict additional damage on the enemy that do not further military objectives.
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4. UNNECESSARY SUFFERING – “It is prohibited to employ weapons, projectiles and materials and methods of warfare of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering.” [Additional Protocol I, Article 35.2] This includes chemical and biological weapons, as well as those that are designed to spread projectile matter within soft tissue (IEDs and scatter weapons)
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CALLING OF THE ENGINEER (RUDYARD KIPLING): Ceremony for The Calling of the Engineer
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CALLING OF THE ENGINEER FOR STUDENTS: ***Ceremony Calling Text for Canadian Students
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ICRAC LOAC: Law of Armed Conflict Overview-Page 12-1
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CLASS 6: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES OF PEACE & NEURO/BIOMETRICS
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CLASS AGENDA
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1 . PROJECTS – What Technologies of Peace did ITP Colleagues Engineer?
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2. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
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3. FUTURE SOLDIER CONFERENCE
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4. RESOURCES
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Class ETHICS CASE STUDY: Download Biometric-DoD Case Study
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DoD BIOMETRIC DIRECTIVE 2016: DoD Biometrics DIRECTIVE
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DoD DATA PRIVACY DIRECTIVE 2014: DoD Privacy Program DIRECTIVE
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DARPA BCI OVERVIEW: DARPA Brain-Computer Interface Overview
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DARPA ELECT RX "NEURAL DUST": University of Berkeley/DARPA Neural Dust Implants
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DARPA "ELECT RX" PROGRAM: DARPA Electrical Prescriptions
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MIT INSTITUTE OF SOLDIER NANOTECHNOLOGIES: http://isnweb.mit.edu
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GRANTS.GOV: DARPA/DoD Source Funding
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US INSTITUTE OF PEACE: Non-Partisan Govt Institute for Prevention and Resolution of Armed Conflict
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US MILITARY OPERATIONS: List of US Operation Names
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